
Bengaluru
At HomeLane, we believe every home has a story to tell. We take pride in transforming spaces across the country into homes filled with character and charm. Have a look at the interiors we’ve crafted in some of the most prestigious locales in different cities.
HomeLane Gopalan Signature Mall
HomeLane Gopalan Signature Mall - Fourth Floor, Gopalan Signature Mall Swamy Vivekananda Road Bennigana Halli Opposite RMZ Infinity Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560093
Monday to Sunday | 11AM to 8PM
Free Car Parking | Restrooms
Floor Plan | Site Images
See. Touch. Experience
Explore and compare an extensive range of premium materials, textures, finishes and colours—so you know exactly what you’re getting.
Step Into Realistic Home Setups
Walk through thoughtfully designed living rooms, bedrooms, and modular kitchens for firsthand inspiration on how everything fits together.
Get Personalised 3D Designs
Meet our expert designers and share your ideas and floor plans to receive personalised 3D designs and an instant quote.
Delivery in 45 days*
No hidden costs
Flat 10-year warranty
Easy EMIs
Hear it straight from those who made their dream homes with us.
Unni Krishnan, Kochi
We recently had the pleasure of working with HomeLane Interiors for the interior design of our home, and we couldn't be more pleased with the results. From the initial consultation to the final installation, the entire process was smooth and professional. They took our ideas and transformed them into practical and beautiful designs that perfectly suited our style and preferences. The 3D renders they provided gave us a clear picture of how each room would look, which was immensely helpful in making decisions. Throughout the project, communication was excellent, and the services of Jithin from design and Rahul from installation were quite commendable. They were also mindful of our budget and timelines, which we greatly appreciated. Overall, working with HomeLane Interiors was a fantastic experience, and we highly recommend them to anyone looking for a reliable and talented interior design firm.
Sargam Monga, Dwarka
Practical design suggestions were given by the designer. Numerous dedicated sessions to ideate our home were conducted. The work acceleration done by the project manager was helpful. Abhimanyu was very insightful about several situations at the property. The quality of products is by far the best outcome of the entire project. Armadio wardrobes look quite luxurious, and the material and system are also very smooth. Thanks for the great service!
Swastik Kela, JP Nagar Bengaluru
We had an outstanding experience with HomeLane. The entire team was extremely polite and demonstrated excellent coordination throughout the process. They explained all the different materials used right from scratch, which helped us make informed decisions. Special thanks to Shruthi for her amazing work in designing our room wardrobes, kitchen, and living room TV unit. Additionally, we received an excellent price thanks to Shubham, who provided a great discount and thoroughly explained the entire process. Highly recommend HomeLane for their professionalism and quality service.
Chaitra Bharadwaj, JP Nagar Bengaluru
Got my house interiors done by HomeLane (JP Nagar, Bangalore). The whole team has been very helpful, from designing to installation and handing over the finished interiors. Ms. Kushala helped with the design process, providing practical suggestions while keeping aesthetics, our views, and ideas in mind. When it came to installation, Mr. Jeevan, our site project manager, ensured everything was perfect. He did an amazing job with the installation and delivered on time. Thank you, team!
Rohit Dasgupta, Borivali Mumbai
Great experience – a very detailed and thorough walkthrough of the entire process of getting the kitchen redone. Gauri and Jaskaran took us through the materials and design choices available for the renovation process. The selling point for me personally was the detailed breakdown of every single item that goes into the bill. This is a key differentiator, and you can see the difference in the total bill when you change the particulars.
Siddhartha Das, Borivali Mumbai
Very satisfied with HomeLane for my interior design. Full credit for the satisfaction goes to Arbaaz (Designer) and Paresh (Project Manager) for their exceptional work. They provided design guidance throughout the process and ensured cost optimization without compromising on look, feel, and quality. The execution was done on time and at the right pace, based on my preference. The entire execution was completed to my satisfaction, accommodating all my small requests. Definitely recommend.
Shrikanth Rajgopalan, Nandanam Mount Road Chennai
My parents used HomeLane for the interior design of their new home in Chennai. They had a very good experience with HomeLane. All the furniture was produced in the factory and was assembled and fitted at home in two days. The designer, Deepak, was very patient, even when we requested several changes. Project Manager Dinesh Kumar did a great job ensuring delivery within the agreed timeline. Overall, they had a wonderful experience with HomeLane. We receive compliments from all the guests who visit our home. Keep up the good work, HomeLane! The price is very reasonable, and the quality is excellent.
Divya Y, Tiruppur
Best interior options within our budget in the Tirupur locality. One of the topmost advantages is the customization options the company provides. The staff is friendly—even if you have zero knowledge about interiors, they explain everything from A to Z and provide suitable options. Prices are reasonable, and they are open to negotiation as well. Good and reliable service!
Arun Nair, Kochi
Getting interior work done perfectly is not an easy task. It is even tougher when you do it for the very first time without much knowledge. HomeLane helped us build our dream interiors, the way we had dreamt of. The professionalism and support provided, starting from design concepts to production and installation, were commendable. Special mention to the entire team, starting with the sales team led by Sanal, interior designer Sreera, and project managers Vishnu, Rahul, and Ajith, for ensuring all the work was completed on time with quality. Thank you. I would definitely consider working with HomeLane in the future.
Kondiparthi Vasu Mithra, Kompally
I recently got my home interiors done with HomeLane and had a great experience throughout the project. The designing was done professionally by the team, and they also provided guidance during the design and execution phases. The quality and custom-made materials used in the interior were quite impressive. I appreciate the entire team, especially designer Avinash for his thoughtful color suggestions and design ideas, and Project Manager Sathvik Reddy for his exceptional supervision, ensuring everything ran smoothly and completing the project on time. The entire team was very supportive. Thank you, HomeLane!
Alaknanda Swaroop, Kompally
I recently had a fantastic experience with HomeLane for my interior design project! Their professionalism and process-based approach are really impressive. Avinash, our designer, perfectly captured my vision and offered valuable suggestions that enhanced the overall aesthetic of my home. Sreenu, the project manager, ensured everything ran smoothly and kept me informed at every step, making the process stress-free. I am absolutely thrilled with the results and grateful to Avinash and Sreenu for their professionalism and dedication. Highly recommend HomeLane to anyone looking to transform their space!
Abhishek Prasad, Dwarka
I had the work of the wardrobe, TV unit, wall painting, and study table done by HomeLane. Really appreciate the effort put in by Deepsikha Jain in the overall design of the work, and that too within my budget. Though the prices tend to be on the higher side when compared to the work executed by country-side carpenters, the difference in product quality, fit, and finish is unmatched. The execution work was done by Mr. Abhimanyu, who personally visited the site on multiple occasions and ensured that the work was done up to the mark and to my satisfaction.
Unni Krishnan, Kochi
We recently had the pleasure of working with HomeLane Interiors for the interior design of our home, and we couldn't be more pleased with the results. From the initial consultation to the final installation, the entire process was smooth and professional. They took our ideas and transformed them into practical and beautiful designs that perfectly suited our style and preferences. The 3D renders they provided gave us a clear picture of how each room would look, which was immensely helpful in making decisions. Throughout the project, communication was excellent, and the services of Jithin from design and Rahul from installation were quite commendable. They were also mindful of our budget and timelines, which we greatly appreciated. Overall, working with HomeLane Interiors was a fantastic experience, and we highly recommend them to anyone looking for a reliable and talented interior design firm.
Sargam Monga, Dwarka
Practical design suggestions were given by the designer. Numerous dedicated sessions to ideate our home were conducted. The work acceleration done by the project manager was helpful. Abhimanyu was very insightful about several situations at the property. The quality of products is by far the best outcome of the entire project. Armadio wardrobes look quite luxurious, and the material and system are also very smooth. Thanks for the great service!
Swastik Kela, JP Nagar Bengaluru
We had an outstanding experience with HomeLane. The entire team was extremely polite and demonstrated excellent coordination throughout the process. They explained all the different materials used right from scratch, which helped us make informed decisions. Special thanks to Shruthi for her amazing work in designing our room wardrobes, kitchen, and living room TV unit. Additionally, we received an excellent price thanks to Shubham, who provided a great discount and thoroughly explained the entire process. Highly recommend HomeLane for their professionalism and quality service.
Chaitra Bharadwaj, JP Nagar Bengaluru
Got my house interiors done by HomeLane (JP Nagar, Bangalore). The whole team has been very helpful, from designing to installation and handing over the finished interiors. Ms. Kushala helped with the design process, providing practical suggestions while keeping aesthetics, our views, and ideas in mind. When it came to installation, Mr. Jeevan, our site project manager, ensured everything was perfect. He did an amazing job with the installation and delivered on time. Thank you, team!
Rohit Dasgupta, Borivali Mumbai
Great experience – a very detailed and thorough walkthrough of the entire process of getting the kitchen redone. Gauri and Jaskaran took us through the materials and design choices available for the renovation process. The selling point for me personally was the detailed breakdown of every single item that goes into the bill. This is a key differentiator, and you can see the difference in the total bill when you change the particulars.
Siddhartha Das, Borivali Mumbai
Very satisfied with HomeLane for my interior design. Full credit for the satisfaction goes to Arbaaz (Designer) and Paresh (Project Manager) for their exceptional work. They provided design guidance throughout the process and ensured cost optimization without compromising on look, feel, and quality. The execution was done on time and at the right pace, based on my preference. The entire execution was completed to my satisfaction, accommodating all my small requests. Definitely recommend.
Shrikanth Rajgopalan, Nandanam Mount Road Chennai
My parents used HomeLane for the interior design of their new home in Chennai. They had a very good experience with HomeLane. All the furniture was produced in the factory and was assembled and fitted at home in two days. The designer, Deepak, was very patient, even when we requested several changes. Project Manager Dinesh Kumar did a great job ensuring delivery within the agreed timeline. Overall, they had a wonderful experience with HomeLane. We receive compliments from all the guests who visit our home. Keep up the good work, HomeLane! The price is very reasonable, and the quality is excellent.
Divya Y, Tiruppur
Best interior options within our budget in the Tirupur locality. One of the topmost advantages is the customization options the company provides. The staff is friendly—even if you have zero knowledge about interiors, they explain everything from A to Z and provide suitable options. Prices are reasonable, and they are open to negotiation as well. Good and reliable service!
Arun Nair, Kochi
Getting interior work done perfectly is not an easy task. It is even tougher when you do it for the very first time without much knowledge. HomeLane helped us build our dream interiors, the way we had dreamt of. The professionalism and support provided, starting from design concepts to production and installation, were commendable. Special mention to the entire team, starting with the sales team led by Sanal, interior designer Sreera, and project managers Vishnu, Rahul, and Ajith, for ensuring all the work was completed on time with quality. Thank you. I would definitely consider working with HomeLane in the future.
Kondiparthi Vasu Mithra, Kompally
I recently got my home interiors done with HomeLane and had a great experience throughout the project. The designing was done professionally by the team, and they also provided guidance during the design and execution phases. The quality and custom-made materials used in the interior were quite impressive. I appreciate the entire team, especially designer Avinash for his thoughtful color suggestions and design ideas, and Project Manager Sathvik Reddy for his exceptional supervision, ensuring everything ran smoothly and completing the project on time. The entire team was very supportive. Thank you, HomeLane!
Alaknanda Swaroop, Kompally
I recently had a fantastic experience with HomeLane for my interior design project! Their professionalism and process-based approach are really impressive. Avinash, our designer, perfectly captured my vision and offered valuable suggestions that enhanced the overall aesthetic of my home. Sreenu, the project manager, ensured everything ran smoothly and kept me informed at every step, making the process stress-free. I am absolutely thrilled with the results and grateful to Avinash and Sreenu for their professionalism and dedication. Highly recommend HomeLane to anyone looking to transform their space!
Abhishek Prasad, Dwarka
I had the work of the wardrobe, TV unit, wall painting, and study table done by HomeLane. Really appreciate the effort put in by Deepsikha Jain in the overall design of the work, and that too within my budget. Though the prices tend to be on the higher side when compared to the work executed by country-side carpenters, the difference in product quality, fit, and finish is unmatched. The execution work was done by Mr. Abhimanyu, who personally visited the site on multiple occasions and ensured that the work was done up to the mark and to my satisfaction.
Unni Krishnan, Kochi
We recently had the pleasure of working with HomeLane Interiors for the interior design of our home, and we couldn't be more pleased with the results. From the initial consultation to the final installation, the entire process was smooth and professional. They took our ideas and transformed them into practical and beautiful designs that perfectly suited our style and preferences. The 3D renders they provided gave us a clear picture of how each room would look, which was immensely helpful in making decisions. Throughout the project, communication was excellent, and the services of Jithin from design and Rahul from installation were quite commendable. They were also mindful of our budget and timelines, which we greatly appreciated. Overall, working with HomeLane Interiors was a fantastic experience, and we highly recommend them to anyone looking for a reliable and talented interior design firm.
Sargam Monga, Dwarka
Practical design suggestions were given by the designer. Numerous dedicated sessions to ideate our home were conducted. The work acceleration done by the project manager was helpful. Abhimanyu was very insightful about several situations at the property. The quality of products is by far the best outcome of the entire project. Armadio wardrobes look quite luxurious, and the material and system are also very smooth. Thanks for the great service!
Complete Installation & Handover
Our team installs, completes final checks and hands over your home for a smooth move-in.
Meet Your Designer
Share your ideas and floor plan to receive personalised 3D designs and an instant quote.
Book Your Order
Pay 10% of the woodwork and home decor services to book your order.
Finalise Your Design
Choose your materials, finishes and colours. Pay the next 10% of woodwork and home decor services to lock designs and begin site masking and quality checks.
Send Designs to Factory
Pay 30% of woodwork and 80% of home decor services to begin factory production.
Kick Off Dispatch
Pay the remaining 50% of woodwork to dispatch your order post-production and begin installation.
Complete Installation & Handover
Our team installs, completes final checks and hands over your home for a smooth move-in.
Meet Your Designer
Share your ideas and floor plan to receive personalised 3D designs and an instant quote.
Book Your Order
Pay 10% of the woodwork and home decor services to book your order.
Finalise Your Design
Choose your materials, finishes and colours. Pay the next 10% of woodwork and home decor services to lock designs and begin site masking and quality checks.
Send Designs to Factory
Pay 30% of woodwork and 80% of home decor services to begin factory production.
Kick Off Dispatch
Pay the remaining 50% of woodwork to dispatch your order post-production and begin installation.
Complete Installation & Handover
Our team installs, completes final checks and hands over your home for a smooth move-in.
HomeLane is trusted as the best interior design brand in Indiranagar because we plan interiors that suit people's lifestyles here. We take into account their busy workdays, social evenings, and compact yet premium homes before we make any design suggestions.
Our interior designers have a good amount of experience working with modern apartments, builder floors, as well as older homes that demand smart space planning, good ventilation, and low-maintenance finishes. We start with detailed 3D designs of your home interiors so you can lock layouts, storage, and materials early, so you avoid second-guessing decisions later. Also, we provide a clear, itemised cost breakdown instead of vague estimates that may change as the project progresses.
With our factory-made modules and a structured process, we make sure our interior design process remains predictable, efficient, and easy to live with long after installation.
The interior design cost for homes in Indiranagar usually starts around Rs. 4–5 lakh for a 1 BHK, ranges between Rs. 6.5–9 lakh for a 2 BHK, and can go up to Rs. 9–14 lakh for a 3 BHK, depending on the complexity of the layout and material choices.
Homes in Indiranagar often balance style with practicality, with features such as modular kitchens, smart storage, and finishes that are easy to maintain in busy, lived-in spaces. These preferences influence overall pricing. Use our HomeLane interior cost calculator to get a realistic cost estimate for your design requirements.
Our interior designers in Indiranagar will calculate your design costs room by room, helping you prioritise essentials like kitchens and wardrobes first, and then think about upgrading finishes where they matter most. We lock in designs early with 3D visuals using our SpaceCraft Pro tool and share a clear, item-wise cost breakup, so you know what you’re paying for and what to expect.
Yes. Homeowners exploring home interior design in Indiranagar can begin their design journey with HomeLane with our free design consultation. Once the initial design direction is set, we arrange a site visit to your Indiranagar home to move things forward with confidence.
Our interior designers first understand your floor plan, lifestyle needs, and budget, before creating detailed 3D designs that let you visualise layouts, storage options, and finishes before any decisions are finalised.
They will then visit the site to verify exact measurements, check ventilation, plumbing points, and other on-site conditions that are common in Indiranagar apartments and homes. This way, we ensure the interiors you see in 3D translate accurately on-site, with fewer changes and smoother execution.
For most homes in Indiranagar, interiors are completed within 45 days after the design is finalised, including key decisions like layouts, storage, and materials & finishes.
Our interior designers in Indiranagar focus on detailed planning before execution begins to avoid mid-way changes, which are a common reason for delays, especially in busy neighbourhoods like Indiranagar, where coordination matters to a great extent.
Here’s how the timeline usually works:
Design finalisation first: Layouts, materials, storage details, and 3D designs are approved first.
Parallel execution: While modules are being built in the factory, on-site preparations are carried out for smooth installation.
Installation phase: Most home interiors take about 7–12 days for on-site installation, depending on the project scope.
Additional work: Any civil or electrical changes are planned in advance, and timelines are clearly communicated.
If you’re ready to plan your interiors without timeline anxiety, we’d be happy to walk you through it step by step.
Yes, we regularly design compact homes and space-limited apartments across Indiranagar, where smart planning matters more than square footage. Many homes here are older apartments (10 to 20+ years old) or tightly planned new homes (1+ years old), so the layouts can vary drastically and require careful planning where every inch counts.
Our interior designers in Indiranagar will begin your design process by understanding how you use your space, like your daily routines, storage pressure points, and movement within the rooms. Based on that, they will suggest practical space-saving solutions such as floor-to-ceiling wardrobes, sliding shutters, loft storage for occasional items, and multipurpose furniture.
For home interiors in Indiranagar, we keep layouts clean, use light finishes, and well-organised storage so small homes feel open rather than cramped. If you’re working with limited space, we’d love to help you design a home that feels easy to live in, every single day.
Yes, we’ve worked across several well-known residential societies and apartment communities in Indiranagar, including older walk-up apartments, builder floors, and newer gated developments. Over time, our interior designers have handled varied layouts, society rules, access timings, and renovation guidelines common to this neighbourhood.
Many homes here need careful coordination, like limited lift access, fixed work hours, and older building constraints. We plan these details early, so designs don’t need last-minute changes on site.
This local experience helps us execute interior designs smoothly, with fewer delays and better planning. If you live in Indiranagar and want interiors that fit both your home and society norms, we’re happy to guide you through it.
For most homes in Indiranagar, straight, L-shaped, and parallel modular kitchen layouts work best, depending on the apartment size and structure. These designs suit both old compact apartments and spacious modern homes alike, while keeping the movement smooth and work zones well-defined.
Our interior designers plan kitchens around daily cooking habits, storage needs, and ventilation, which is especially important in densely built neighbourhoods. We pay close attention to chimney placement, counter spacing, and easy-access drawers to keep the kitchen comfortable during long cooking hours.
Material selection for the kitchen is crucial for home interiors in Indiranagar. We usually recommend moisture-resistant boards, well-sealed cabinets, and finishes that are easy to clean and maintain. If you’re unsure which layout suits your home, we’re happy to walk you through options and help you choose confidently.
Yes, we design fully customised wardrobes and storage solutions for homes in Indiranagar, planned around how you actually live and store things. Many homes here need smart storage that fits compact bedrooms and old layouts without making rooms feel heavy.
Our designers first figure out the daily-use items, seasonal storage needs, and typical clutter zones. Based on this, they plan wardrobes with a balanced mix of drawers, hanging space, shelves, and lofts, which are included only where they’re genuinely useful.
For Indiranagar homes, sliding wardrobes, floor-to-ceiling units, and clean internal layouts help maximise space while keeping costs practical. If you’re struggling with storage, we can help design wardrobes that feel effortless to use, every day.
Yes, HomeLane regularly takes on renovation and remodelling projects across Indiranagar, including partial upgrades and full home makeovers. Homeowners approach us when older apartments start feeling dated or no longer match their current lifestyle.
Our designers begin by evaluating what can be retained and what truly needs a change, whether it’s an ageing kitchen, worn-out wardrobes, or inefficient storage. We focus on modular upgrades that improve usability without unnecessary civil work.
Renovations are planned to minimise disruption, especially in lived-in homes and society-managed buildings. With clear scheduling and factory-made modules, even existing homes can be refreshed smoothly. If you’re considering a home renovation, get in touch with our designer and we’ll be happy to help you plan it comfortably and realistically.
Booking a HomeLane consultation is easy and completely obligation-free. You can simply fill the form online and get in touch with our team before committing to anything.
Here’s how the process usually flows:
Fill the consultation form: Share your location, home type, and basic requirements so we can assign the right designer.
Share your floor plan: Even a simple, rough layout helps our interior designers understand space constraints and possibilities.
Design discussion: Our designers will walk you through layout ideas, storage planning, and 3D designs tailored to your home.
Cost and timeline clarity: You’ll get a clear sense of budgets and schedules as per your home interior design plan.
You can choose an online session or visit a nearby experience centre to take the first step to planning your home interiors with full confidence and few surprises.
HomeLane is a preferred brand for home interiors in Indiranagar because we bring clarity and structure to interior projects in a fast-paced, design-aware neighbourhood. Homeowners here value good planning, realistic timelines, and designs that work just as well on busy weekdays as they do when hosting friends.
Moreover, our interior designers are familiar with apartment layouts, renovation constraints, and society norms in Indiranagar. We start with detailed 3D designs so layouts, storage, and finishes are finalised much before execution begins.
Here’s what makes your design experience smoother:
Clear, item-wise cost breakdowns with no guesswork.
Planned timelines once designs are locked.
Factory-made modules for consistent quality and clean installation.
Dedicated project coordination and progress updates from start to finish.
HomeLane's approach assures fewer surprises and better control over your designs and costs, resulting in a home that feels thoughtfully designed and easy to live in.
Yes, the 45-day Move-in Guarantee applies to eligible homes in Indiranagar once your designs are finalised and signed off. The committed timeline covers factory production, delivery, and installation of modular kitchens, wardrobes, and other planned interiors.
Our designers will first define the project scope at the design stage and confirm timelines upfront. If your home needs additional civil work, like electrical rerouting, plumbing changes, or tile replacement, the extra time required will be discussed in advance, so that there are no surprises or changes later on.
Also, since most of the modular units and interiors are factory-made, on-site installation is faster and better organised, even in busy societies. This will help you plan your move-in with confidence and clarity.
Yes, HomeLane offers a flat 10-year warranty on core factory-made modules for all home interiors in Indiranagar. This is designed to give homeowners long-term peace of mind, especially for high-usage areas like kitchens, wardrobes, and storage units.
Our warranty generally covers:
Modular kitchens, wardrobes, and storage units.
Internal framework and shutters made from approved boards.
Manufacturing and factory-finish defects.
Branded hardware like hinges, channels, and lift-up fittings.
We also include a free service visit within six months of handover for minor adjustments, if needed. However, normal wear and tear or building-related issues aren’t covered.
If you notice any issue covered by warranty, you can quickly raise a request through the HomeLane Care portal, and our support team will get in touch with you. For homeowners, this usually means your interiors will be taken care of even after you move in, so you can live comfortably and stress-free.
We keep pricing predictable for Indiranagar projects by planning every detail and locking decisions early in the design stage. This is especially helpful in Indiranagar, where home renovations and interior projects often come with society rules, access limits, and tight schedules.
Our designers will begin by finalising layouts, storage plans, materials, and finishes before execution begins. You’ll see detailed 3D designs first, so you know exactly what’s being built and what you're paying for.
Here’s how we maintain clarity throughout the project:
Item-wise quotations that list every module and finish.
Early design sign-off to avoid mid-project changes.
Stage-wise payments linked to clear milestones.
Dedicated coordination to track progress and updates.
At HomeLane, we ensure you face no surprises, better cost control, and the confidence to plan your budget calmly from day one.
HomeLane has multiple experience centres across Bangalore, making it easy for homeowners to visit a nearby store and consult with expert interior designers in Bangalore.
Our Bangalore experience centres are located in:
HSR Layout - Interior Designers in HSR Layout
Banaswadi - Interior Designers in Banaswadi
Electronic City - Interior Designers in Electronic City
Gunjur - Interior Designers in Gunjur
Hebbal - Interior Designers in Hebbal
Hennur - Interior Designers in Hennur
JP Nagar - Interior Designers in JP Nagar
RR Nagar - Interior Designers in RR Nagar
Sarjapur - Interior Designers in Sarjapur
Whitefield - Interior Designers in Whitefield
Gopalam Signature Mall - Interior Designers in Old Madras Road
No matter where you live, our Bangalore interior designers serve all residential areas across Bangalore.
You can also explore HomeLane’s presence across other cities in India by visiting our interior designers in all cities.